Upper back / Trapezius

Middle trapezius

Retracts the scapula and assists scapular control during reaching and pulling

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of the upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Acromion and superior lip of the scapular spine
Primary actions: Retracts the scapula and assists scapular control during reaching and pulling

Anatomy reference

OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Head, Neck, and Back

Open reference

Educational anatomy reference only. This page does not diagnose pain, injury, or movement limitations.

From anatomy to action

Explore the movement, not just the muscle.

A single muscle rarely explains a movement by itself. Use the related movement content to see how this anatomy may contribute, then choose a focused program when you want a complete progression.

Corrective movement strategies and exercises

Capacity focus

Rounded Shoulders

Explore shoulder and upper-back positions that make reaching, pushing, and pulling feel easier.

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Complete guided progressions

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These programs include this muscle through a related guide or corrective recipe.

Anterior Humeral Glide Fix